Fuentes científicas

Última actualización: 2 de agosto de 2026

Todas las recomendaciones cuantitativas del planificador y de los artículos están respaldadas por literatura revisada por pares o por posicionamientos de organismos oficiales. Aquí tienes la bibliografía principal.

Energética y coste de la carrera en montaña

  1. 1
    Minetti AE, Moia C, Roi GS, Susta D, Ferretti G. Energy cost of walking and running at extreme uphill and downhill slopes.
    Journal of Applied Physiology, 93(3):1039-1046, 2002.
    https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.01177.2001
  2. 2
    Vernillo G, Giandolini M, Edwards WB, Morin JB, Samozino P, Horvais N, Millet GY. Biomechanics and physiology of uphill and downhill running.
    Sports Medicine, 47(4):615-629, 2017.
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-016-0605-y
  3. 3
    Giovanelli N, Ortiz ALR, Henninger K, Kram R. Energetics of vertical kilometer foot races: is steeper cheaper?
    Journal of Applied Physiology, 120(3):370-375, 2016.

Carbohidratos, hidratación y sodio en deportes de resistencia

  1. 1
    Jeukendrup AE. A step towards personalized sports nutrition: carbohydrate intake during exercise.
    Sports Medicine, 44 (Suppl 1):S25-S33, 2014.
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-014-0148-z
  2. 2
    Kerksick CM, Wilborn CD, Roberts MD, et al. ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations.
    Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15:38, 2018.
    https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-018-0242-y
  3. 3
    Baker LB, Rollo I, Stein KW, Jeukendrup AE. Acute effects of carbohydrate supplementation on intermittent sports performance.
    Nutrients, 7(7):5733-5763, 2015.
  4. 4
    Baker LB, Barnes KA, Anderson ML, Passe DH, Stofan JR. Normative data for regional sweat sodium concentration and whole-body sweating rate in athletes.
    Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(4):358-368, 2016.
  5. 5
    Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, Maughan RJ, Montain SJ, Stachenfeld NS. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement.
    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(2):377-390, 2007.

Entrenamiento intestinal y tolerancia

  1. 1
    Costa RJS, Snipe RMJ, Kitic CM, Gibson PR. Systematic review: exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome — implications for health and intestinal integrity.
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 46(3):246-265, 2017.
  2. 2
    Jeukendrup AE. Training the gut for athletes.
    Sports Medicine, 47 (Suppl 1):S101-S110, 2017.
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-017-0690-6

Cafeína y ergogenia

  1. 1
    Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance.
    Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18:1, 2021.
  2. 2
    Southward K, Rutherfurd-Markwick KJ, Ali A. The effect of acute caffeine ingestion on endurance performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Sports Medicine, 48(8):1913-1928, 2018.

Cetonas y sustratos alternativos (contextos avanzados)

  1. 1
    Evans M, Cogan KE, Egan B. Metabolism of ketone bodies during exercise and training: physiological basis for exogenous supplementation.
    Journal of Physiology, 595(9):2857-2871, 2017.

Termorregulación y esfuerzo en calor

  1. 1
    Racinais S, Alonso JM, Coutts AJ, et al. Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat.
    British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(18):1164-1173, 2015.

Rendimiento mental, TDAH y adherencia

  1. 1
    Wu ZM, Bralten J, Cao QJ, et al. White matter microstructural alterations in children with ADHD: categorical and dimensional perspectives.
    Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(2):572-580, 2017.
  2. 2
    Ratey JJ, Loehr JE. The positive impact of physical activity on cognition during adulthood: a review of underlying mechanisms, evidence and recommendations.
    Reviews in the Neurosciences, 22(2):171-185, 2011.

Fuentes oficiales y organismos

  1. 1
    American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Position Stands (varios).
    https://www.acsm.org
  2. 2
    International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Position Stands.
    https://www.sportsnutritionsociety.org
  3. 3
    International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus Statement on Sports Nutrition.
    https://www.olympic.org
  4. 4
    Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición (AESAN) Recomendaciones nutricionales y etiquetado.
    https://www.aesan.gob.es
Nota: la ciencia del rendimiento avanza rápido. Si detectas una referencia obsoleta o una nueva revisión sistemática relevante, escríbenos vía contacto y la incorporamos.